Who is Offering Dark Fiber?

By: John Shepler

Did you know that there is more than one type of fiber optic service you can lease? Most applications are satisfied with lit fiber services such as private point to point lines, dedicated Internet access or direct cloud access. But demanding applications are now making use of unlit or dark fiber. Could dark fiber be an asset to your company?

What is Dark Fiber?
Dark fiber is just the raw fiber optic strands you find in fiber cables being installed overhead or underground. They stretch from point to point, but don’t have any equipment connected.

Telecom carriers and private network operators install cables with dozens to hundreds of individual fiber strands. It’s more cost effective to install many strands instead of just a few so there is capacity available as demand for bandwidth increases. Consequently, most fiber providers have many strands sitting idle, waiting for traffic to increase enough to justify adding the laser transceivers, routers and switches needed to bring another strand into service.

What many potential users think is that if you want complete control of fiber, you have to install it yourself. That’s cost prohibitive over any distance. Actually, you can have pretty much the same result by leasing one or more strands of dark fiber that are already in place but unused.

Why Choose Dark Fiber?
With 10 Gbps and even 100 Gbps fiber optic service readily available, why go to the trouble of lighting up dark fiber? By doing so, you gain the option of using any protocol you wish or even multiple protocols on the same fiber strand.

How? You can divide the fiber bandwidth into multiple wavelengths or lambdas, each with a different protocol. Bandwidth becomes nearly unlimited and depends largely on the sophistication of the equipment on both ends of the fiber. You have the option to scale that bandwidth up or down at will. Latency is minimized and set by your own technologies. Security is enhanced, as you are the only user of this fiber strand.

Who Needs Dark Fiber?
Organizations with a compelling need for high bandwidths or unique requirements and have the ability to manage the system themselves may make good use of dark fiber. Network service providers, cloud centers, AI workloads, multi-site corporate networks, disaster backup and recovery, municipal operations, and wireless backhaul are typical users of dark fiber.

Who Provides Dark Fiber?
Traditional telecom operators, especially the larger companies, need to install and maintain massive amounts of fiber to support their own national and international traffic. 5G wireless has obsoleted even high speed copper connections, leading to fiber buildout to far-flung towers. That has made possible fiber connections and dark fiber strands in rural areas and smaller cities.

Cable companies have long switched from analog coaxial copper to fiber as their backbone networks. These companies install large fiber cables with many dark strands for future expandability. You might not guess cable providers would have dark fiber available because the drops to homes and businesses are still mostly DOCSIS coaxial copper runs. Behind the scenes, though, it is all fiber networking.

Private networking companies have multiplied in recent years. They often have no connection to traditional telcos and likely don’t even offer consumer phone services. Their networks do offer high bandwidth Ethernet over Fiber services on lit strands. They also have spare fiber available that remains unlit and may be available for lease. Some of these companies are aggressively wiring cities for fiber to the home (FTTH) and businesses, large and small, so they pass most locations that have never been near fiber routes.

Do you have needs that exceed the networking options you have now or would you simply like to see if a better deal is available? Find out what lit and dark fiber options are available for your business now.

Make Data Centers Community Friendly

By: John Shepler

There is a huge tech standoff underway right now. It’s between the nearly insatiable demand for additional data centers and community refusals to allow them to be built. Is there any way to satisfy both groups? I think there is.

Why We Need More Data Centers
Why is there such a building frenzy for data centers all of a sudden? Most business IT and e-commerce is well established. What’s new is the recent introduction of powerful Artificial Intelligence or AI tools. AI, itself, isn’t all that new. It dates back to the 1950’s. Over the decades these software applications have been expanded to play chess, answer Jeopardy questions, scan medical images, and search data bases.

In the last few years, more powerful and general purpose applications like ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Microsoft Copilot have been introduced and business has gone wild. Every company is afraid that every other company is going to gain a competitive edge by enhancing employee productivity or simply eliminating staff. So, just about everyone is trying their hand at using AI tools. Those tools are supported by powerful processors located in… you guessed it… data centers.

Is This Revolution for Real?
Like the Internet boom that really picked up steam in the 1990’s, AI is likely to transform how we work & live. Also, like the Internet, it isn’t going to happen suddenly and all at once. The Internet and e-commerce took a generation to fully develop. It’s likely AI will follow a similar path to widespread adoption.

What that means is that this immediate need for near-infinite new data centers is probably overblown. Once everyone has had a chance to play with the tools to see what they can do, businesses are going to reconsider how many tokens they really want to buy for experimentation. Some applications will show great promise. Others will turn out to be blind alleys with no return on investment.

In the long run we are going to live in a more technical world and data centers are going to power it. We've been through the massive buildout of factories and shopping centers. We’re now going to switch to data centers and have to figure out how to integrate them into our environment.

Why Are Data Centers a Problem?
Companies building new data centers are naturally trying to get the most benefit from the least cost. That means siting where power is readily available and taking advantage of where land is flat and cheap, especially if TIF (Tax Increment Financing) districts or other tax incentives are available. Communities anxious to bring in new tax revenue have jumped at the chance to get someone to build business infrastructure, only to have regrets later.

A data center isn’t like a factory or shopping center. Once construction is completed, it supports only a few of tech and maintenance jobs and doesn’t primarily serve the local community. Fiber optic Internet means data centers can serve customers anywhere.

What communities are disappointed with is the rise in electric bills for everyone as the massive power needs of the data center are supported, often with new power construction needed. Another complaint is noise. Giant fans for cooling and diesel generators or turbines for power are upsetting to residents in the countryside or subdivisions near where data centers are sited. The power is often needed to supplement limited utility sources as well as backup. Finally, cooling can mean a massive draw on local groundwater that threatens utility users.

How to Make Data Centers Community Friendly
The key to success here seems to mean structuring a deal where both sides benefit. The data center companies need to show a favorable return on their investment or it makes no sense to build, at least in that location. The communities need to be sure that benefits exceed the costs including financial, social, and environmental or they will reject the application.

First is the run-up in electricity rates. Electric bills have been steady for years as heavily using industries relocated overseas and energy saving from things like LED lights and TV sets replaced earlier power hogs in the home. Data center power demand has introduced a new upswing in the need for power generation. One solution is re-commissioning shutdown nuclear plants. New smaller and faster to bring on-line nuclear generators are nearing deployment but won’t be a big factor for years.

Coal plants get the thumbs down for environmental, but fuel cells using natural gas, like the ones from Bloom Energy, are quiet and more acceptable. Solar, wind and battery don’t cause environmental problems, but can still get objections depending on where sited. OK. Those data centers have enormous flat roofs that can be built to support significant solar power production during the day when demand is highest all-around. Data center companies can also fund off-site solar fields to the feed the grid. Construct extra capacity and utility prices for everyone else should come down, not go up.

Battery storage for overnight and inclement weather is quite practical. Tesla is deploying utility battery storage worldwide. Once again, if the data center funds more capacity than it needs, the community will benefit and should welcome the addition.

Siting is critical. You can’t stick a giant noisy facility near a high-end subdivision and not get serious blowback. Better to get way out in the countryside or in some undesirable area where abandoned factories are decaying or landfills are being reclaimed. Using closed-loop water or refrigerant for cooling limits the drain on well water. Heat dissipation will have to be done without roaring like a jet engine.

Now, forget trying to get tax incentives. Pony up the same taxes as anyone else and create a decommissioning escrow fund for when the facility has reached its useful life and everyone should be happy. Any extra contributions for local schools or roads just sweetens the pot.

If these data centers really are as valuable as promoted, there should be enough money to satisfy both shareholders and community stakeholders. You’ll know the tide has turned when people start requesting data centers be built nearby.

Outsource Your Network Headaches

By: John Shepler

Back when all the network equipment fit into a literal broom closet and Cat5 cables hooked it all together, running a LAN with a connection to the Internet was an all in a day’s work. Now you’re dealing with multiple clouds, multiple locations, bad actors constantly trying to intrude, and equipment going obsolete almost before you can even power it up. The level of complexity is growing exponentially, but your staff and resources aren’t. Is there any way to simplify all of this?

Make Network Woes Someone Else’s Problem
You can keep doing it all yourself. That means hiring more and more staff, constantly refreshing hardware, troubleshooting outages and dealing with outside attacks on a daily basis. Or, you can let someone else take care of it.

The first approach to outsourcing network grief is to contract with a Manage Service Provider or MSP. This is an outside company that acts as your IT department. You still own all the equipment and services, but someone else provides the staff to manage it for you.

A newer approach is Network as a Service or NaaS. It’s a logical extension of Software as a Service. You stopped buying boxes with CD-ROMs to update your systems years ago. Most software is now offered on a subscription basis. Computing hardware has gone the same way with cloud-based services. Why not take the same approach to networks?

How NaaS Works
When you employ NaaS, you are essentially turning your network into a subscription. Just like SaaS you pay as you go and you pay for what you use. You dump capital expenditures and trade them for operational expenses.

NaaS can be implemented on a WAN or LAN basis. WAN networks include whatever it takes to interconnect various business locations, cloud providers and general Internet service. You can also outsource your LAN so that NaaS provides all the in-house routers, switches and security appliances needed to run the network.

What about SD-WAN?
Software Defined Wide Area Networking is a flavor of NaaS that can improve WAN performance, especially in accessing the Internet. SW-WAN combines multiple lines, such as fiber optic, Fixed Wireless Access, cable broadband, and satellite to get the highest performance for your most critical functions. It automatically monitors each line and selects which path each packet should take. Higher priority packets get faster and lower latency paths, while lower priority tasks get what’s left. NaaS may incorporate SD-WAN to improve network performance.

The NaaS Advantage
There’s a certain efficiency in not being short of resources when you desperately need them to conduct business, or getting stuck with a back room full of hardware you’ll have to keep until things pick up or unload at fire sale prices. Worse yet, who wants to be laying off valuable tech employees during a downturn only to have to recruit and on-board new ones when business increases?

NaaS can also introduce some new features, such as constant AI monitoring and self-healing networks. Your network becomes another type of cloud that just gets a job done without you having to fight fires or worry about how to add this or that capability.

When NaaS Doesn’t Make Sense
As attractive as outsourcing your network woes sounds to many companies, it’s not for everyone. Companies that have large expert teams with deep knowledge of the network infrastructure and business operations may be able to provide an operational ability and efficiency beyond what an outside company can. This is especially true in heavily regulated industries or those with unique requirements.

How about your business? Does your network run like a well oiled machine with a staff that has knowledge not easily replaced? Or, are you struggling to deal with growth, a changing environment, difficulty in finding the right staff, constant problems that are hurting productivity or facing an equipment refresh that is going to be a strain on the finances?

Before you spend a fortune, you might want to consider the alternative of Network as a Service. Get expert consulting and proposals that meet your particular needs now with compelling NaaS solutions.

The Sun is Setting on Copper Telecom Lines

By: John Shepler

It has been rumored for a long time and now it’s really underway. The end of over a century of copper wire based phone and network lines is here, with a key event on June 30. That’s the start of AT&T’s first major wave of wire center decommissioning. Over 277 of these facilities will go dark when completed, with more waves of decommissioning to follow. In the end, we’ll have completely moved on from Alexander Graham Bell’s original network.

What The Loss of Wire Centers Really Means
In simple terms, a wire center is where all the wires connect. It’s the building that connects the central office switching with all the local loops. That’s often thousands and thousands of individual twisted copper pairs that are bundled into larger cables. Your analog phone line, the “landline” or POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) line, is one of these loops. You can trace the wire pair directly from the phone jack on your wall all the way to the line card at the central office that provides power and signaling to run the phone handset.

Those twisted pairs can carry a lot more than individual phone calls. They can be set up with digital termination equipment to provide DSL and T1 broadband or PRI digital multi-line phone service. They may also be used in special applications such as fire alarms, elevator phones, gate entry systems, security systems, and fax machines.

Decommissioning means taking these lines out of service. No more wire center. No more copper line service.

In actuality, the phone companies that own these lines have already been discouraging their use through higher service prices and refusal to add more customers. Another group, copper wire thieves, have been doing their own decommissioning by cutting and stealing cables and then burning off the plastic insulation so they can sell the copper at recyclers. Copper prices are way up due to the expansion of data centers, electric vehicles, and solar power, to name a few.

What Replaces Copper Telecom Lines?
Like the incandescent light bulb, it’s time to move on from 19th century technologies. The new options are primarily fiber optic and wireless.

Fiber voice and broadband started with phone company Optical Carrier standards but has migrated to Carrier Ethernet standards to be compatible with the vast majority of company networks. Ethernet over Fiber service ranges from 10 Mbps up to 100 Gbps, with Gigabit Ethernet and 10 GigE becoming popular standards.

You need what is called an Ethernet Port at your end. That connects via fiber to your service provider, often an Independent network operator but perhaps a traditional telco. The speed of the Ethernet port limits the amount of bandwidth you can have. A Gigabit port lets you order up to 1,000 Mbps. A 10 Gigabit port supports anything up to 10,000 Mbps.

There are different flavors of fiber optic service. Your Internet access can be on a fiber line that is shared among many businesses and residential users to save cost. You may prefer to order Dedicated Internet Access (DIA) so that your connection to the Internet itself in essentially on a private line.

Direct Cloud Access is a similar service without the Internet being involved at all. You have a private fiber service from your facility to your cloud service provider. This gives you the best low latency and low congestion for higher productivity and smoother voice calls and video conferences.

You might also want to consider dedicated point to point fiber to interconnect your facilities across town or around the world. These private lines offer high performance and better security than what you could hope for on the Internet.

Wireless Options
Of course you have mobile phones, tablets and laptop computers that connect to the Internet using 5G cellular broadband. Another flavor of that services is Fixed Wireless Access. It comes in a box with higher gain antennas and Ethernet connection. It’s the 5G broadband without the phone features. There are also options to add outside antennae for better coverage and some controllers offer multiple providers for service continuity if one company goes offline temporarily. FWA can be as speedy as fiber, but without having to run the fiber line itself.

Some Wireless Internet Service Providers do not use cellular networks. Instead, they have their own towers and beam and point to point signal to a small dish antenna on your roof. These are very private lines and can have Gigabit or higher speeds.

Satellite broadband and satellite phone have been around for years. The broadband using geostationary satellites can be very reliable and speeds have been improving with newer generations of satellites. The half second or more of latency due to the distance to geosynchronous orbit is one sticking point. LEO or Low Earth Orbit satellite constellations, primarily SpaceX Starlink, reduces the latency to something similar to terrestrial broadband. Bandwidths are also competitive for many applications. Just stating now is direct to handset service that turns satellites into alternative cell towers. Soon there will be no dead spots, even in the most remote areas.

What to Do About Specialty Services?
Those fire alarms, fax machines and elevator phones that were designed for twisted pair copper and nothing else still have hope. AT&T, among others, is offering a “POTS Replacement” service that consists of 4G LTE cellular wired to support these services along with built-in battery backup. Why 4G LTE? This standard can mimic the old phone lines and is still readily available.

The One Remaining Copper Service
There is still one very popular copper broadband service, but it is not from any phone company. This is Cable Broadband that is brought in on coaxial copper wiring. In reality, the cable companies have converted to fiber optic transmission, but the latest DOCSIS standards let them keep their existing copper coax into your building and still achieve speeds of 1,000 Mbps or even 10 Gbps… competitive with fiber.

Is your company experiencing an upcoming loss of service due to copper decommissioning? No time to wait. Find out what copper replacement services are available for your business needs. You may be surprised to find you can actually get more capability at a lower cost.

Can You Use 10 Gbps to 100 Gbps Circuits?

By: John Shepler

The move to business software in the cloud increased the demand for high speed, low latency bandwidth. The introduction of AI ups the ante even more. What used to be considered high bandwidth may now be an impediment to getting work done. Fortunately, higher bandwidth circuits in the range of 10 Gbps to 100 Gbps are now readily available and at reasonable prices.

What Higher Bandwidth Offers
Why increase your bandwidth to 10 Gbps or above? Because you need it. Or, if you don’t absolutely need it, the improvement in performance and productivity justify the additional cost.

The amount of bandwidth you need is driven by the traffic on your WAN or point to point networks. As long as there is enough and the quality is high enough, the lines are essentially invisible. As soon as there are more packets ready to transfer than there is capacity to transfer them, trouble begins. Your circuit becomes congested. It shows up as increased latency, as packets must be buffered to wait their turn.

Response from the Internet and cloud slows down. Telephone calls have delays even to the point of sounding like you are on a two-way radio. Some packets might get lost creating garbled audio. Same for video. Two way conferencing gets jerky or frozen and may have missing pieces. Anything in real time suffers. Frustration by users increases. Workflow slows.

What Drives the Need for Higher Bandwidth?
Text messaging and email are now the least of the bandwidth drivers. Telephone audio might be if you have a large operation or a call center. Video for conferencing and watching online streaming is definitely a bandwidth driver. Don’t forget that more and more business processes are now being conducted in the cloud or at colocation data centers. The days of everything running on a server and some disk drives in the same building are gone for most everyone. At least some of what you do is processed remotely. That could be ordering, inventory, accounting, simulation and so on.

Replacing a sea of stand-alone PCs with a LAN was the first step. Now the LAN connects to a WAN and Dedicated Internet Access. The amount of traffic leaving the building is often more than what is handled strictly inside.

Don’t Forget About Big Data and AI
Data sets are becoming huge as more and more business and customer data is electronic. You don’t need more file cabinets, but you do need more disk space, including remote backup for safety.

AI is something new that consumes data and bandwidth like never before. As staffs are being encouraged to up their inference level and use as many tokens as they can to gain skill with AI models, the load on the connection circuits increases. Training can be even more of a overwhelming load as data bases have to be uploaded to the model. All of this is a demand on your network you probably didn’t see coming. But it’s here and it is only going to increase.

What Bandwidth is Available?
Most everyone needs Internet access and the best type for most business is DIA or Dedicated Internet Access. That is essentially a private line between your office and your service provider. Most of the congestion comes in the first mile when circuits are shared among many companies and residential users to save cost. Casual and undemanding users may not even notice the difference, but highly demanding businesses can easily see variations in performance throughout the day that are largely unpredictable.

Another form of private connection is direct cloud access, which connects you to your data center or cloud provider without going through the Internet. No sharing means faster and more consistent performance.

Dedicated private lines may also be leased to interconnect your facilities directly. This is like extending your LAN to cover multiple locations. Once again, no traffic sharing with other businesses and definitely no traffic sharing with the general public. Better performance and better security.

Is your network not keeping up with today’s needs? Increase productivity and future proof your connections with Dedicated Internet Access, direct cloud access, dedicated private lines, wavelengths and even dark fiber with bandwidth from 10 Gbps to 100 Gbps and above.