Overbuilding Offers Broadband Choices

By: John Shepler

There was a time when you had just a single choice for Internet connectivity. That was the incumbent local phone company. Now you may have many other choices, as competing networks move into your area. Let’s have a look at overbuilding and the opportunities it provides.

In the Beginning…
In the beginning there was only one network and that was the PSTN or public switched telephone network. The phone network is the original telecom network that started with Alexander Graham Bell and expanded to cover the world. It’s a very specific network, designed for voice communications. Computers came later. Any computer that wanted to talk to any other computer had to mimic human telephone users. Hence, the acoustically coupled audio modem.

That had to change fast. First, with ditching the acoustic coupling. Then overcoming the 64 Kbps limits of a standard phone line. Telephone companies developed digital phone lines to multiplex or combine multiple circuits in to one larger capacity circuit. Business quickly adapted the copper DSL and T1 lines, and then SONET fiber optic lines, for computer connectivity.

Still, there was one place to get service and that was the phone company. After all, Ma Bell owned all the wires. Even when “deregulation” was introduced, those competitive carriers were simply rebranding telco lines they got at wholesale rates.

Cable: The First Overbuilder
Each town has a single incumbent local phone company. But each town also can have a community antenna company, later called a cable company, to deliver television. Utility poles might have power, telephone and cable wires running one above the other all over town.

The cable companies made technical upgrades. First, they added modem service to offer Internet access. Then they converted their networks to digital, with fiber optics as the backbone and coaxial copper as the drop to the premises. This, plus regular modem standard upgrades, allows cable to offer broadband Internet service that meets or exceeds what the phone company can provide.

When two different providers install networks to serve the same locations, that’s called overbuilding. It’s one on top of or over the other. It could also mean excessive building, but that hasn’t generally been the case in the almost insatiable demand for broadband.

Fiber Overbuilds in Cable Territory
Cable pretty much overtook landline telephone, including DSL broadband, for residential and small business Internet. So much so, that the telephone companies are decommissioning their copper assets. Twisted pair copper technology just couldn’t keep up.

What the telcos have done is overbuild their own copper networks with fiber optic cables. They actually had a specialized fiber service called SONET before cable came around, but it was too expensive for residential and smaller businesses. They’ve now adopted the more standard Carrier Ethernet over Fiber technology that is directly compatible with most computer networks.

Recently, competing fiber optic network companies have been overbuilding both cable and telco networks with their own fiber. Some cities have contracted with these companies to install fiber that passes every home and business. This is in direct competition with cable broadband that is already serving many if not most of those customers.

Telco Overbuilds with Fixed Wireless Access
The telcos have been busy building out wireless networks to serve mobile phones and computing devices. It this case there may be several competing wireless companies serving each town. The big three in the US are AT&T, Verizon, and T-Mobile. You never had a choice in landline phone service or cable, but you have had this advantage in wireless.

Now wireless is challenging cable and even fiber. As cellular networks upgraded to 4G LTE and 5G, the broadband speeds have increased. In areas where microwave 5G bands are installed, the speeds can easily compete with cable and fiber.

A proliferation of towers, large and small, is expanding the coverage so that a cellular modem, basically a phone that does just broadband, can provide primary broadband service for residential and business users. If the wireless companies have their way, they’ll displace cable in the same way cable displaced landline phone.

What does all this overbuilding mean for you? The competition tends to lower prices and increase service bandwidth. In other words, you wind up getting more value for less cost.

Which broadband option is best for your business? Check pricing and coverage for fiber optic, cable broadband and fixes wireless access now.

The Cable vs Fiber Broadband War

By: John Shepler

There’s a broadband battle underway right now. It pits cable business broadband against Ethernet fiber optic bandwidth. These are the two leading technologies that will dominate business Internet now and for the foreseeable future. There is also a third contender warming up that we’ll discuss a bit later. Let’s see what the two big players have to offer.

Fiber Takes Over From Copper
The first century of telecommunications was dominated by twisted pair copper wires that provided the last mile for landline telephones, multi-line business phones, point to point computer connections and, when it started developing, the nascent Internet. The ground is chock-full of multi-pair cables. Some will be pulled out and recycled. Others will be left to slowly disintegrate.

Their technological replacement is fiber optic cables. Glass fibers take the place of plastic coated copper strands. Optical fibers have tremendously more bandwidth carrying capacity. A copper T1 line can deliver 1.5 Mbps. A fiber can deliver a Gigabit per second up to at least 10 Gbps. It’s no longer uncommon to have 100 Gbps fiber optic service available for business use.

Fiber itself has undergone a technical evolution in protocol from the early SONET telecom standard to Carrier Ethernet, otherwise known as Ethernet over Fiber. This upgrade made sense as telecom traffic changed from largely audio phone calls to digital computer packets.

What Fiber Optic Service Can Provide
Fiber broadband is readily available and can offer 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps bandwidth. This bandwidth is usually symmetrical, meaning the same speed for upload and download. It is also generally dedicated. That means you don’t share your fiber capacity with any other businesses. It’s all your traffic from your building to where it joins the Internet. This makes for much more consistent Internet performance.

Many companies have been moving from having their own in-house data centers to hosting that equipment at a co-location facility or leasing the same capability from a cloud provider. If your business software is running remotely, it often makes sense to have a direct connection from your offices, factories and warehouses to the cloud provider and avoid any potential congestion from the Internet.

Direct connections are also useful between company facilities, such as branch offices and any owned data center facilities. Essentially, you are extending your LAN out to include all your locations.

How Can Cable Compete with Fiber?
Cable got its start as a community antenna that fed a small town or city. Like fiber, cable has come a long way technically. Analog has transformed into digital. Still, isn’t cable a bandwidth limited copper connection?

Less than you might think. The drop or final connection to your business is still the familiar coaxial copper cable. The innards of the system have long ago upgraded to fiber, just like the telecom industry. That means most of the distance travelled is over fiber optic cables, some with as many as 100 fibers. The TV and Internet signal is converted to drive a copper drop cable just before it reaches your building. This system is referred to as HFC or Hybrid Fiber Coax.

The other big advance in Cable broadband has been the upgrading of cable modems using the DOCSIS standard. Most modems are now DOCSIS 3.1 that has the ability to support downstream data speeds of up to 10 Gbps and upstream speeds of 1 Gbps.

DOCSIS 4.0 is in the process of being deployed. This equipment upgrade will support downstream speeds of 10 Gbps plus upstream speeds of 6 Gbps.

Clearly, today’s cable broadband is easily a match for all but the most demanding fiber speeds. One difference between Ethernet fiber and cable broadband is that cable is usually asymmetrical to match the typical usage of retail customers on the Internet. In other words, the demand for download speed is usually more than the demand for upload speed. Often download is 10 times as fast as upload.

Another difference is that cable broadband is a shared access service in the last mile. This means that some heavy users may impact the performance of other users from time to time. For consumers, this is usually not a problem. For a business that depends of steady high performance for employee productivity using cloud services, it could present an issue.

Why Pick One Service Over the Other?
For consumers and many smaller businesses, cost is tie-breaker. Cable business broadband is generally less costly than Ethernet over Fiber for similar bandwidths. However, if you need symmetrical bandwidth, dedicated Internet access, dedicated point to point connections, or a dedicated line to your cloud provider, fiber optic connections can be well worth the added monthly cost. It should also be mentioned that some Cable companies are now offering access to their internal fiber optic networks as a premium bandwidth service.

Wireless is the Next Competitor
There is a new entry to the broadband wars that is also worthy of consideration. That is fixed wireless broadband. Once a niche service over very small areas, fixed wireless is now being offered by the major cellular carriers. What has made this possible is the advancement to 4G LTE and 5G. Mobile phones with 300 Mbps or more Internet service are now common. By providing a high performance modem without the telephone features but including Wi-Fi or LAN connection, carriers can deliver high speed broadband over their wireless networks already in place. Advantages include very reasonable pricing and little or no construction cost. You pick up the modem at the cellular store or have it shipped to you and install it yourself right away. It’s also perfect for pop-up stores and construction sites that are only temporary locations.

Which is best for your business? Cable broadband? Ethernet over Fiber? Fixed Wireless? Get pricing and availability for each of these bandwidth options and then choose the right solution for you.

So Long T1 and POTS, Hello AI

By: John Shepler

Have you gotten the word from your telecom service provider that your T1 lines and POTS telephone lines are scheduled for decommissioning? Perhaps you’ve seen news items to this effect. It’s true. The major landline telephone companies are determined to replace their more than a century old copper cables with the newer technologies of fiber and wireless. It’s happening faster in some parts of the country than others. Like the incandescent light bulbs of the same era, copper telco connections are being relegated to history.

Why Do They Hate Copper?
Copper has served us well from the gilded age to this millennium. Copper POTS phone lines are highly reliable and are powered by the phone company. If you lose power, the phone still works because the equipment has battery backup at the central office. If you want the same functionality with your VoIP phones on the Internet, you’ll need add that battery backup at your end.

Copper T1 lines have been the mainstay of both business Internet connections and PBX phone systems for decades. Some companies use them for direct connection from one business location to another. As private lines, they are more secure than the Internet and you avoid the congestion when everyone in the area is trying to work online at the same time.

Like all legacy technology, T1 and POTS lines are getting a little long in the tooth. A T1 bandwidth of 1.5 Mbps was once considered broadband. Now 1.5 Gbps has the same respect. Analog POTS lines and their own unique telephone network are being replaced by LAN and WAN network connected phone systems, often with switching systems in the cloud. As a result, there are fewer and fewer users of these older circuits. Most consumers are primarily dependent on their cell phones and have dropped landline phone. Businesses are heading more and more to the cloud and using fiber optic direct connections to get there.

This is creating quite a dilemma for the phone companies. The incumbent local carriers own all that copper and it is not getting any younger. Fewer customers means less revenue. Corroding wires and insulation result in more any more repair calls. The cost of maintaining that copper plant keeps going up and up.

Copper’s Replacements Are Mostly In-Place
The replacement for all that copper interconnection is fiber and wireless. Fiber has the advantage of nearly unlimited bandwidth. With wavelengths and multiple strands per cable, there is lots of unused capacity that can be pressed into service as data demands increase. The limitation to date has been too few routes installed and lit for service. That’s changing fast. Many cities have seen the future and are contracting for municipal fiber that runs past every home and business. Cellular 5G and eventually 6G require fiber to get the required bandwidths.

The other replacement technology is wireless. The same 5G towers used for phone calls also support fast broadband in the dozens or hundreds of Mbps. Mobile Internet nearly everywhere is already in place. A newer wrinkle is a 5G access point, essentially a phone without the user interface, that installs in a home or business. You have broadband Internet service that is always-on and you don’t need to worry about connecting to a fiber or cable.

There are still dead spots. Sparsely connected areas may not have fiber, cable or cellular coverage. They mostly did have landline phones, though. The replacement for these areas may be GEO or LEO satellite, as they may never get cell towers or fiber lines.

What Becomes of The Copper Facilities?
Oddly enough, the latest technology may provide a new lease on life for the oldest. One proposal is to gut those telco central offices and points of presence and install high powered servers to support the demand for Artificial Intelligence.

The facilities with utility power, battery and generator backup, HVAC, and weatherproof buildings are already in place. By upscaling them to be small data centers located near potential customers, the growing demand for AI services can be supported faster than with all new construction. Another major benefit is the lower latency that comes with having computing at the network edge rather than centralized thousands of miles away.

The copper itself may well be mined to support the need for electrical transmission, electric vehicle propulsion, power generation and more. Some copper cables are pulled out of their conduits as fiber is installed to make room for the new fiber. Copper in the ground and central office wiring may become a welcome source of recycling, much as scrap aluminum is melted down and repurposed. No point in letting it corrode to dust if it costs less to reuse than smelt new ore.

Do You Need Copper Replacement Services?
Have you been notified that your copper telecom services are going to be discontinued or are you just interested in how much more bandwidth you can get for the same or less cost each month? See what fiber and wireless services are available for your business now.

5 Gig Internet Business Fiber

By: John Shepler

You can see it for yourself. Bandwidth needs are climbing higher every day. That Gigabit Ethernet Dedicated Internet Access service you installed a few years ago is already hitting its limit. A GigE to the cloud isn’t enough to completely avoid congestion anymore. Clearly, it’s time to move on up.

5 Gig is the New Gigabit
What’s the next logical level for business bandwidth? Actually, you can have pretty much anything you want in 1 Gbps increments. However, some levels are more popular than others. An emerging standard is 10 Gig. You may not need or want to pay for that much right now. A good intermediate level is 5 Gigabit for Internet or private lines.

Why 5 Gig? It gives you breathing room for business applications running in the cloud, e-commerce Internet connections, remote file storage and access, and lots of video content. The more users you have accessing the same WAN connection, the more bandwidth you need to avoid congestion slowdowns, broken VoIP conversations and jerky video conferencing. Real time applications need fat pipes.

Dedicated Internet Access vs Private Lines
There are two basic types of network connections: Private and shared. The Internet is by design a shared network that connects everybody to everybody else with nobody having priority. You can improve your Internet connection performance by avoiding shared access and using Dedicated Internet Access. That gives you a private link from you business to your Internet Service Provider. The last mile is where most of the congestion and variation problems originate.

A private line is just that. Your company is the only user on the connection that runs from point to point. There is no contention with other businesses or consumers. If you have a 5 Gigabit fiber link, you have 5 Gbps available at all times. Whatever bandwidth you don’t use at the moment is there for headroom. You’ll only experience congestion and the latency it creates when you exceed 5 Gigabits per second momentarily or for an extended time.

Connecting Multiple Business Locations Privately
A private fiber optic network can be set up point to multipoint or mesh as well as a direct cloud link or dedicated line between business locations. You can also employ an MPLS network to span regional, national or international sites for a cost savings. MPLS networks are run by a private provider who guarantees bandwidth, latency and packet loss even though there are multiple users on the network. Everybody thinks they are the only user.

Other High Bandwidth Options
Fiber future-proofs your network and generally offers symmetrical bandwidth so that upload and download speeds are the same. Cable broadband speeds are often above 1 Gbps, with 5 Gbps offered in some areas. The bandwidth is asymmetrical and the last mile connection is shared, but the cost savings may well outweigh the advantages of fiber in less critical applications. Fixed wireless can also offer high bandwidths using a small antenna on your building and are a great alternative where fiber and cable are not available.

Are you running out of capacity on your Gigabit fiber connection? If so, consider an expansion to 5 Gbps with a growth path to 10 Gbps when you need it. You’ll love the extra breathing room.

Dark and Lit Private Lines

By: John Shepler

The Internet is a marvelous network. It enables all of us to connect to any of us anywhere in the world and at a very reasonable cost. Why wouldn’t you use the Internet for all your communications? Much of the time we do, both for personal and business needs. It works great… well, it works just fine a lot of the time. There are a few snags, though.

Network Priority
One is priority for highly sensitive applications like interactive voice and video. Say, telephone calls. There is no priority. Your voice packets get the same treatment as your next door neighbors video stream or someone backup up files to the cloud. Get in line and take your turn. When things get too busy, called network congestion, your real-time stream may break up or stop completely for a short time.

Cloud Critical Applications
The same is true for business critical applications running in the cloud. If you are taking orders, interacting with a customer or needing fast answers to deal with rapidly moving situations you may be drumming your fingers as you wait for the system to respond. Trying to make a quick financial trade in the market? Maybe it executes immediately. Maybe not. You may or may not get the price you had in mind.

Network Security
Another issue is security on the Internet. There is none. If you want security, you need to add it yourself. That means encryption. A popular way to encrypt your traffic when out of the office is by using a VPN or virtual private network. This is end to end encryption that makes it safer to use public access points like WiFi in coffee shops or send sensitive documents across the Internet. SSL or, now, TLS encryption has made possible online shopping and banking with confidence using web browers over the Internet with or without a VPN.

Improving Performance with Private Lines
You can get better network performance with private lines. Think private road versus crowded superhighway. The idea is to limit the competition from other people’s traffic.

You can still use the Internet but make it run better with a private line called DIA or dedicated Internet access. This gives you a private, not shared, connection between your location and your Internet service provider. Of course the Internet core itself is still a shared resource, but most of the congestion is in the last mile where you and hundreds or thousands of other users share the same connection to the service provider.

Direct to the Cloud
A direct cloud connection is a private line between you and your cloud service provider. Since you are the only user on that line, your cloud services should run much more like they would if the servers were right down the hall in your building. This type of connection avoids the Internet and its vagaries completely.

Why not expand that concept to your own private WAN or wide area network? This means private lines to connect your offices, factories, data centers and branch locations or retail outlets. Think of it like having your LAN expand to include all of your other business locations. You have control of the traffic and no interference from other outside users. Both privacy and performance are improved.

Dark and Lit Fiber
So far we are talking about fiber optic services, likely Ethernet over Fiber, which is the most popular connection method today. These are “lit” fiber connections where the laser equipment that maintains the signal is owned and operated by a service provider. The ultimate in performance and privacy over metropolitan and wider areas is using “dark” fiber. Dark means the fiber strands that you lease have no termination equipment at either end. You are responsible for providing the equipment that “lights” the fiber and sets the protocol. Since the glass fiber strands have nearly unlimited bandwidth, you have tremendous ability to send traffic from point to point dependent only on your budget and technical staff.

Wireless Private Lines
Finally, there is a new type of wireless service called 5G private networking or 5G network slice that lets you have the advantage of private lines while portable or mobile. It’s something like your own private corporate WiFi, but over much wider distances. Coupled with fiber optic private lines for most of your traffic, private wireless can give you a comprehensive business network wherever you are.

Is private networking right for your business? Find out what private network and security options are available now.